一、select 语句关键字的定义顺序
View Code
SELECT DISTINCT <select_list>
FROM <left_table>
<join_type> JOIN <right_table>
ON <join_condition>
WHERE <where_condition>
GROUP BY <group_by_list>
HAVING <having_condition>
ORDER BY <order_by_condition>
LIMIT <limit_number>
二、select 语句关键字的执行顺序
执行顺序
(7) SELECT
(8) DISTINCT <select_list>
(1) FROM <left_table>
(2) <join_type> JOIN <right_table>
(3) ON <join_condition>
(4) WHERE <where_condition>
(5) GROUP BY <group_by_list>
(6) HAVING <having_condition>
(9) ORDER BY <order_by_condition>
(10) LIMIT <limit_number>
三、准备表和数据
1.新建一个测试数据库TestDB；
create database TestDB;
2.创建测试表table1和table2；
create table table1(
customer_id varchar(10) not null,
city varchar(10) not null,
primary key (customer_id)
)engine=innodb default charset=UTF8;create table table2(
order_id int not null auto_increment,
customer_id varchar(10),
primary key(order_id)
)engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
3.插入测试数据
INSERT INTO table1(customer_id,city) VALUES('163','hangzhou');
INSERT INTO table1(customer_id,city) VALUES('9you','shanghai');
INSERT INTO table1(customer_id,city) VALUES('tx','hangzhou');
INSERT INTO table1(customer_id,city) VALUES('baidu','hangzhou');INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('163');
INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('163');
INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('9you');
INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('9you');
INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('9you');
INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('tx');
INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES(NULL);
查看table1 , table2
mysql> select * from table1;
+-------------+----------+
| customer_id | city |
+-------------+----------+
| 163 | hangzhou |
| 9you | shanghai |
| baidu | hangzhou |
| tx | hangzhou |
+-------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from table2;
+----------+-------------+
| order_id | customer_id |
+----------+-------------+
| 1 | 163 |
| 2 | 163 |
| 3 | 9you |
| 4 | 9you |
| 5 | 9you |
| 6 | tx |
| 7 | NULL |
+----------+-------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
四、准备SQL逻辑查询测试语句
查询来自杭州，并且订单数少于2的客户
SELECTa.customer_id,count( b.order_id ) AS total_orders
FROMtable1 AS aLEFT JOIN table2 AS b ON a.customer_id = b.customer_id
WHEREa.city = 'hangzhou'
GROUP BYa.customer_id
HAVINGcount( b.order_id ) < 2
ORDER BYtotal_orders DESC;
五、执行顺序分析
在这些SQL语句的执行过程中，都会产生一个虚拟表，用来保存SQL语句的执行结果（这是重点），
我们现在就来跟踪这个虚拟表的变化，得到最终的查询结果的过程，来分析整个SQL逻辑查询的执行顺序和过程。
执行FROM语句
第一步，执行FROM语句。我们首先需要知道最开始从哪个表开始的，这就是FROM告诉我们的。现在有了<left_table>和<right_table>两个表，我们到底从哪个表开始，还是从两个表进行某种联系以后再开始呢？它们之间如何产生联系呢？——笛卡尔积
关于什么是笛卡尔积，请自行Google补脑。经过FROM语句对两个表执行笛卡尔积，会得到一个虚拟表，暂且叫VT1（vitual table 1），内容如下：
mysql> select * from table1 join table2;
mysql> select * from table1 join table2;+-------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| customer_id | city | order_id | customer_id |
+-------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 163 | hangzhou | 1 | 163 |
| 9you | shanghai | 1 | 163 |
| baidu | hangzhou | 1 | 163 |
| tx | hangzhou | 1 | 163 |
| 163 | hangzhou | 2 | 163 |
| 9you | shanghai | 2 | 163 |
| baidu | hangzhou | 2 | 163 |
| tx | hangzhou | 2 | 163 |
| 163 | hangzhou | 3 | 9you |
| 9you | shanghai | 3 | 9you |
| baidu | hangzhou | 3 | 9you |
| tx | hangzhou | 3 | 9you |
| 163 | hangzhou | 4 | 9you |
| 9you | shanghai | 4 | 9you |
| baidu | hangzhou | 4 | 9you |
| tx | hangzhou | 4 | 9you |
| 163 | hangzhou | 5 | 9you |
| 9you | shanghai | 5 | 9you |
| baidu | hangzhou | 5 | 9you |
| tx | hangzhou | 5 | 9you |
| 163 | hangzhou | 6 | tx |
| 9you | shanghai | 6 | tx |
| baidu | hangzhou | 6 | tx |
| tx | hangzhou | 6 | tx |
| 163 | hangzhou | 7 | NULL |
| 9you | shanghai | 7 | NULL |
| baidu | hangzhou | 7 | NULL |
| tx | hangzhou | 7 | NULL |
+-------------+----------+----------+-------------+
总共有28（table1的记录条数 * table2的记录条数）条记录。这就是VT1的结果，接下来的操作就在VT1的基础上进行。