机器学习第4周:猴痘病识别
- 🍨本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营中的学习记录博客
- 🍖原作者:
- 语言环境:Python3.13
- 编译器:jupyter notebook
- 深度学习环境:Pytorch
一 准备工作
设置CPU模式
略
1 导入数据
import os,PIL,random,pathlib data_dir = './4-data/' data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir) data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*')) classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[1] for path in data_paths] classeNames输出:
['Monkeypox', 'Others']
- 第一步:使用
pathlib.Path()函数将字符串类型的文件夹路径转换为pathlib.Path对象。 - 第二步:使用
glob()方法获取data_dir路径下的所有文件路径,并以列表形式存储在data_paths中。 - 第三步:通过
split()函数对data_paths中的每个文件路径执行分割操作,获得各个文件所属的类别名称,并存储在classeNames中 - 第四步:打印
classeNames列表,显示每个文件所属的类别名称。
total_datadir = './4-data/' # 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863 train_transforms = transforms.Compose([ transforms.Resize([224, 224]), # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸 transforms.ToTensor(), # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor,并归一化到[0,1]之间 transforms.Normalize( # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正态分布(高斯分布),使模型更容易收敛 mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。 ]) total_data = datasets.ImageFolder(total_datadir,transform=train_transforms) total_datamean与std数值来源见上一篇笔记
total_data.class_to_idx代码输出
{'Monkeypox': 0, 'Others': 1}
total_data.class_to_idx是一个存储了数据集类别和对应索引的字典。在PyTorch的ImageFolder数据加载器中,根据数据集文件夹的组织结构,每个文件夹代表一个类别,class_to_idx字典将每个类别名称映射为一个数字索引。
具体来说,如果数据集文件夹包含两个子文件夹,比如Monkeypox和Others,class_to_idx字典将返回类似以下的映射关系:{'Monkeypox': 0, 'Others': 1}
2 划分数据集
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data)) test_size = len(total_data) - train_size train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size]) train_dataset, test_dataset代码输出
(<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1487e6a0590>, <torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x14820775310>)
train_size,test_size输出
(1713, 429)
batch_size = 32 train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=1) test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=1)for X, y in test_dl: print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape) print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype) break输出
Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([32, 3, 224, 224]) Shape of y: torch.Size([32]) torch.int64
torch.utils.data.DataLoader()参数详解
torch.utils.data.DataLoader是 PyTorch 中用于加载和管理数据的一个实用工具类。它允许你以小批次的方式迭代你的数据集,这对于训练神经网络和其他机器学习任务非常有用。DataLoader构造函数接受多个参数,下面是一些常用的参数及其解释:
- dataset(必需参数):这是你的数据集对象,通常是
torch.utils.data.Dataset的子类,它包含了你的数据样本。 - batch_size(可选参数):指定每个小批次中包含的样本数。默认值为 1。
- shuffle(可选参数):如果设置为
True,则在每个 epoch 开始时对数据进行洗牌,以随机打乱样本的顺序。这对于训练数据的随机性很重要,以避免模型学习到数据的顺序性。默认值为False。 - num_workers(可选参数):用于数据加载的子进程数量。通常,将其设置为大于 0 的值可以加快数据加载速度,特别是当数据集很大时。默认值为 0,表示在主进程中加载数据。
- pin_memory(可选参数):如果设置为
True,则数据加载到 GPU 时会将数据存储在 CUDA 的锁页内存中,这可以加速数据传输到 GPU。默认值为False。 - drop_last(可选参数):如果设置为
True,则在最后一个小批次可能包含样本数小于batch_size时,丢弃该小批次。这在某些情况下很有用,以确保所有小批次具有相同的大小。默认值为False。 - timeout(可选参数):如果设置为正整数,它定义了每个子进程在等待数据加载器传递数据时的超时时间(以秒为单位)。这可以用于避免子进程卡住的情况。默认值为 0,表示没有超时限制。
- worker_init_fn(可选参数):一个可选的函数,用于初始化每个子进程的状态。这对于设置每个子进程的随机种子或其他初始化操作很有用。
二 构建CNN网络
import torch.nn.functional as F class Network_bn(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(Network_bn, self).__init__() """ nn.Conv2d()函数: 第一个参数(in_channels)是输入的channel数量 第二个参数(out_channels)是输出的channel数量 第三个参数(kernel_size)是卷积核大小 第四个参数(stride)是步长,默认为1 第五个参数(padding)是填充大小,默认为0 """ self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12) self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2) self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0) self.bn4 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24) self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=24, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0) self.bn5 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(24*50*50, len(classeNames)) def forward(self, x): x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) x = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x))) x = self.pool(x) x = F.relu(self.bn4(self.conv4(x))) x = F.relu(self.bn5(self.conv5(x))) x = self.pool(x) x = x.view(-1, 24*50*50) x = self.fc1(x) return x device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu" print("Using {} device".format(device)) model = Network_bn().to(device) model输出
Using cuda device
Network_bn( (conv1): Conv2d(3, 12, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1)) (bn1): BatchNorm2d(12, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, bias=True, track_running_stats=True) (conv2): Conv2d(12, 12, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1)) (bn2): BatchNorm2d(12, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, bias=True, track_running_stats=True) (pool): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False) (conv4): Conv2d(12, 24, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1)) (bn4): BatchNorm2d(24, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, bias=True, track_running_stats=True) (conv5): Conv2d(24, 24, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1)) (bn5): BatchNorm2d(24, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, bias=True, track_running_stats=True) (fc1): Linear(in_features=60000, out_features=2, bias=True) )
三 训练模型
设置超参数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数 learn_rate = 1e-4 # 学习率 opt = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate)编写训练函数
# 训练循环 def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer): size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 训练集的大小,一共60000张图片 num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目,1875(60000/32) train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 # 初始化训练损失和正确率 for X, y in dataloader: # 获取图片及其标签 X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device) # 计算预测误差 pred = model(X) # 网络输出 loss = loss_fn(pred, y) # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距,targets为真实值,计算二者差值即为损失 # 反向传播 optimizer.zero_grad() # grad属性归零 loss.backward() # 反向传播 optimizer.step() # 每一步自动更新 # 记录acc与loss train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item() train_loss += loss.item() train_acc /= size train_loss /= num_batches return train_acc, train_loss编写测试函数
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn): size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 测试集的大小,一共10000张图片 num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目,313(10000/32=312.5,向上取整) test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0 # 当不进行训练时,停止梯度更新,节省计算内存消耗 with torch.no_grad(): for imgs, target in dataloader: imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device) # 计算loss target_pred = model(imgs) loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target) test_loss += loss.item() test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item() test_acc /= size test_loss /= num_batches return test_acc, test_loss正式训练
epochs = 20 train_loss = [] train_acc = [] test_loss = [] test_acc = [] for epoch in range(epochs): model.train() epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt) model.eval() epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn) train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc) train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss) test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc) test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss) template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%,Test_loss:{:.3f}') print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss)) print('Done')输出
Epoch: 1, Train_acc:92.4%, Train_loss:0.254, Test_acc:80.4%,Test_loss:0.456 Epoch: 2, Train_acc:93.4%, Train_loss:0.244, Test_acc:80.4%,Test_loss:0.438 Epoch: 3, Train_acc:93.6%, Train_loss:0.232, Test_acc:79.5%,Test_loss:0.451 Epoch: 4, Train_acc:93.8%, Train_loss:0.232, Test_acc:80.9%,Test_loss:0.429 Epoch: 5, Train_acc:93.2%, Train_loss:0.229, Test_acc:80.9%,Test_loss:0.424 Epoch: 6, Train_acc:94.2%, Train_loss:0.222, Test_acc:81.8%,Test_loss:0.422 Epoch: 7, Train_acc:94.2%, Train_loss:0.217, Test_acc:80.7%,Test_loss:0.432 Epoch: 8, Train_acc:94.0%, Train_loss:0.215, Test_acc:82.8%,Test_loss:0.430 Epoch: 9, Train_acc:94.8%, Train_loss:0.210, Test_acc:82.3%,Test_loss:0.426 Epoch:10, Train_acc:95.2%, Train_loss:0.200, Test_acc:81.6%,Test_loss:0.418 Epoch:11, Train_acc:95.2%, Train_loss:0.196, Test_acc:82.5%,Test_loss:0.407 Epoch:12, Train_acc:95.3%, Train_loss:0.196, Test_acc:83.0%,Test_loss:0.413 Epoch:13, Train_acc:96.1%, Train_loss:0.192, Test_acc:82.1%,Test_loss:0.427 Epoch:14, Train_acc:95.6%, Train_loss:0.185, Test_acc:83.0%,Test_loss:0.400 Epoch:15, Train_acc:96.5%, Train_loss:0.181, Test_acc:83.0%,Test_loss:0.396 Epoch:16, Train_acc:96.1%, Train_loss:0.180, Test_acc:83.2%,Test_loss:0.399 Epoch:17, Train_acc:96.4%, Train_loss:0.173, Test_acc:80.9%,Test_loss:0.431 Epoch:18, Train_acc:96.8%, Train_loss:0.166, Test_acc:82.8%,Test_loss:0.402 Epoch:19, Train_acc:96.1%, Train_loss:0.166, Test_acc:82.1%,Test_loss:0.398 Epoch:20, Train_acc:97.3%, Train_loss:0.161, Test_acc:82.8%,Test_loss:0.414 Done
四、 结果可视化
1. Loss与Accuracy图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #隐藏警告 import warnings warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号 plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #分辨率 from datetime import datetime current_time = datetime.now() # 获取当前时间 epochs_range = range(epochs) plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3)) plt.subplot(1, 2, 1) plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy') plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy') plt.legend(loc='lower right') plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy') plt.xlabel(current_time) # 打卡请带上时间戳,否则代码截图无效 plt.subplot(1, 2, 2) plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss') plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss') plt.legend(loc='upper right') plt.title('Training and Validation Loss') plt.show()2 指定图片进行预测
⭐torch.squeeze()详解
对数据的维度进行压缩,去掉维数为1的的维度
函数原型:
torch.squeeze(input, dim=None, *, out=None)
关键参数说明:
- input (Tensor):输入Tensor
- dim (int, optional):如果给定,输入将只在这个维度上被压缩
>>> x = torch.zeros(2, 1, 2, 1, 2) >>> x.size() torch.Size([2, 1, 2, 1, 2]) >>> y = torch.squeeze(x) >>> y.size() torch.Size([2, 2, 2]) >>> y = torch.squeeze(x, 0) >>> y.size() torch.Size([2, 1, 2, 1, 2]) >>> y = torch.squeeze(x, 1) >>> y.size() torch.Size([2, 2, 1, 2])输出
torch.Size([2, 2, 1, 2])
from PIL import Image classes = list(total_data.class_to_idx) def predict_one_image(image_path, model, transform, classes): test_img = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB') # plt.imshow(test_img) # 展示预测的图片 test_img = transform(test_img) img = test_img.to(device).unsqueeze(0) model.eval() output = model(img) _,pred = torch.max(output,1) pred_class = classes[pred] print(f'预测结果是:{pred_class}')# 预测训练集中的某张照片 predict_one_image(image_path='./4-data/Monkeypox/M01_01_00.jpg', model=model, transform=train_transforms, classes=classes)预测结果是:Monkeypox
五 保存模型
# 模型保存 PATH = './model.pth' # 保存的参数文件名 torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH) # 将参数加载到model当中 model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH, map_location=device))输出
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六 验证模型
首先加载模型
import torch import torch.nn as nn import torchvision.transforms as transforms import torchvision from torchvision import transforms, datasets import os,PIL,pathlib device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu") import os,PIL,random,pathlib data_dir = './4-data/' data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir) data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*')) classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[1] for path in data_paths] total_datadir = './4-data/' # 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863 train_transforms = transforms.Compose([ transforms.Resize([224, 224]), # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸 transforms.ToTensor(), # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor,并归一化到[0,1]之间 transforms.Normalize( # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正态分布(高斯分布),使模型更容易收敛 mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。 ]) total_data = datasets.ImageFolder(total_datadir,transform=train_transforms) import os,PIL,random,pathlib import torch.nn.functional as F class Network_bn(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(Network_bn, self).__init__() """ nn.Conv2d()函数: 第一个参数(in_channels)是输入的channel数量 第二个参数(out_channels)是输出的channel数量 第三个参数(kernel_size)是卷积核大小 第四个参数(stride)是步长,默认为1 第五个参数(padding)是填充大小,默认为0 """ self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0) self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12) self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0) self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12) self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2) self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0) self.bn4 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24) self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=24, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0) self.bn5 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24) self.fc1 = nn.Linear(24*50*50, len(classeNames)) def forward(self, x): x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) x = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x))) x = self.pool(x) x = F.relu(self.bn4(self.conv4(x))) x = F.relu(self.bn5(self.conv5(x))) x = self.pool(x) x = x.view(-1, 24*50*50) x = self.fc1(x) return x model = Network_bn().to(device) PATH = './model.pth' # 保存的参数文件名 model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH, map_location=device)) from PIL import Image classes = list(total_data.class_to_idx) def predict_one_image(image_path, model, transform, classes): test_img = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB') # plt.imshow(test_img) # 展示预测的图片 test_img = transform(test_img) img = test_img.to(device).unsqueeze(0) model.eval() output = model(img) _,pred = torch.max(output,1) pred_class = classes[pred] print(f'预测结果是:{pred_class}')验证图片
predict_one_image(image_path='./4-data/Others/NM01_01_00.jpg', model=model, transform=train_transforms, classes=classes)输出:
预测结果是:Others
