基于WPF实现打印机连接与打印功能

一、项目配置

1. 创建WPF项目

   dotnet new wpf -n WpfPrinterDemo
   cd WpfPrinterDemo
   

2. 添加必要引用

   • System.Printing（用于打印机管理）
   • System.Windows.Controls（界面控件）

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二、界面设计 (MainWindow.xaml)

<Window x:Class="WpfPrinterDemo.MainWindow"xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"Title="打印机Demo" Height="450" Width="800"><Grid><!-- 打印预览区域 --><ScrollViewer VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto" Margin="10"><FlowDocument x:Name="PrintDocument" PagePadding="20"FontFamily="Arial"FontSize="14"><Paragraph><Run Text="WPF打印机测试文档"/><LineBreak/><Bold>当前时间：</Bold><TextBlock Text="{Binding Source={x:Static sys:DateTime.Now}, StringFormat='yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss'}"/></Paragraph></FlowDocument></ScrollViewer><!-- 控制按钮 --><StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Bottom" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="10"><Button Content="打印预览" Width="120" Margin="5" Click="PreviewPrint"/><Button Content="直接打印" Width="120" Margin="5" Click="DirectPrint"/><Button Content="选择打印机" Width="120" Margin="5" Click="SelectPrinter"/></StackPanel></Grid>
</Window>

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三、核心代码实现 (MainWindow.xaml.cs)

using System;
using System.Printing;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;namespace WpfPrinterDemo
{public partial class MainWindow : Window{private PrintDialog _printDialog;private PrintQueue _selectedPrinter;public MainWindow(){InitializeComponent();InitializePrinter();}// 初始化打印机连接private void InitializePrinter(){_printDialog = new PrintDialog();_printDialog.PrintTicket.PageOrientation = PageOrientation.Portrait;_printDialog.PrintTicket.PageMediaSize = PageMediaSize.A4;}// 打印预览private void PreviewPrint(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){if (_printDialog.ShowDialog() == true){_printDialog.PrintDocument(PrintDocument.DocumentPaginator, "WPF打印预览");}}// 直接打印private void DirectPrint(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){try{if (_selectedPrinter == null)throw new Exception("请先选择打印机");var writer = PrintQueue.CreateXpsDocumentWriter(_selectedPrinter);writer.Write(PrintDocument);MessageBox.Show("打印任务已发送");}catch (Exception ex){MessageBox.Show($"打印失败: {ex.Message}");}}// 选择打印机private void SelectPrinter(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){var printServer = new PrintServer();var printers = printServer.GetPrintQueues();var dialog = new PrintDialog();dialog.PrintQueue = printers.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Name.Contains("HP LaserJet")); // 示例选择HP打印机_selectedPrinter = dialog.PrintQueue;}}
}

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四、关键功能说明

1. 打印设置配置

// 设置打印参数
_printDialog.PrintTicket.PageOrientation = PageOrientation.Landscape; // 横向打印
_printDialog.PrintTicket.PageMediaSize = PageMediaSize.A5; // 纸张尺寸
_printDialog.PrintTicket.CopyCount = 2; // 打印份数

2. 打印内容生成

// 动态添加内容
var paragraph = new Paragraph();
paragraph.Inlines.Add(new Run("动态添加的文本内容"));
PrintDocument.Blocks.Add(paragraph);

3. 打印机管理

// 获取所有打印机
var printers = new PrintServer().GetPrintQueues();// 筛选特定打印机
var targetPrinter = printers.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Name.Contains("Zebra"));

参考代码 wpf连接打印机实例demo www.youwenfan.com/contentcnj/59183.html

五、高级功能扩展

1. 打印预览增强

// 添加页眉页脚
PrintDocument.Header = new HeaderFooter {HeaderTemplate = (DataTemplate)XamlReader.Load(@"<DataTemplate><TextBlock Text='机密文档' FontSize='16' HorizontalAlignment='Center'/></DataTemplate>")
};

2. 图像打印支持

// 添加图片到打印内容
var image = new Image {Source = new BitmapImage(new Uri("logo.png", UriKind.Relative)),Width = 200,Height = 100
};
PrintDocument.Blocks.Add(new Paragraph(image));

3. 打印队列监控

// 监听打印状态
var printJob = _selectedPrinter.AddJob("TestJob");
printJob.Start();
printJob.End();

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六、部署注意事项

1. 权限配置

   • 需要System.Printing程序集引用

   • 在App.manifest中添加：

     <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />
     

2. 打印机驱动

   • 确保目标打印机已安装正确驱动
   • 测试环境推荐使用HP LaserJet系列

3. 异常处理

   try
   {// 打印操作
   }
   catch (PrintSystemException ex)
   {Debug.WriteLine($"打印系统错误: {ex.Message}");
   }
   catch (IOException ex)
   {Debug.WriteLine($"I/O错误: {ex.Message}");
   }
   

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七、测试用例

测试场景	预期结果
点击"打印预览"	弹出预览窗口显示正确内容
选择不存在打印机	弹出错误提示
连续打印10份	生成10个独立打印任务
打印特殊字符	正确显示Unicode字符

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八、扩展应用场景

1. 标签打印系统

   // Zebra打印机ZPL指令
   string zplCode = "^XA^FO50,50^A0N,25,25^FDHello World^FS^XZ";
   using (var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(zplCode)))
   {_selectedPrinter.AddJob("LabelJob", stream, true);
   }
   

2. 多联单据打印

   // 设置多份副本
   _printDialog.PrintTicket.CopyCount = 3;
   _printDialog.PrintTicket.Duplexing = Duplexing.OneSided;