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Windows内核事件通知机制

news 2026/6/8 18:53:35

Windows内核事件通知机制

Windows内核中提供了一组接口，让我们可以针对某一事件注册通知例程，当这个事件发生的时候，我们注册的通知例程就会执行。

进程创建/退出通知

// 注册进程创建通知回调NTSTATUSPsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine(_In_ PCREATE_PROCESS_NOTIFY_ROUTINE NotifyRoutine,// 通知例程指针_In_ BOOLEAN Remove// 为false则注册例程，为true则移除通知例程);// 回调函数原型typedefVOID(*PCREATE_PROCESS_NOTIFY_ROUTINE)(_In_ HANDLE ParentId,// 父进程ID_In_ HANDLE ProcessId,// 被创建的进程的ID_In_ BOOLEAN Create// 这个参数为TRUE表示当前是创建进程的通知，为FALSE表示当前是进程结束的通知);// 扩展版本（Windows Vista+）NTSTATUSPsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx(_In_ PCREATE_PROCESS_NOTIFY_ROUTINE_EX NotifyRoutine,_In_ BOOLEAN Remove);

通过调用PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine为进程创建和退出注册NotifyRoutine回调例程。

**回调例程是在目标进程的第一个线程运行前被调用的。**根据微软文档：

“For a new process, the CreateProcessNotifyEx routine is called after the initial thread is created, but before the thread begins running.”

所以我们可以在回调中阻止进程的创建。

PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx

该函数的第一个参数是类型为PCREATE_PROCESS_NOTIFY_ROUTINE_EX回调函数指针，定义如下：

/// PCREATE_PROCESS_NOTIFY_ROUTINE_EX/// <summary>/// 进程创建的通知回调/// </summary>/// <param name="pEprocess">进程对象指针</param>/// <param name="hProcessId">进程ID</param>/// <param name="pCreateInfo">进程相关信息</param>voidCreateProcessNotifyEx(PEPROCESS pEprocess,HANDLE hProcessId,PPS_CREATE_NOTIFY_INFO pCreateInfo);

下面看看示例代码：

简单示例代码

这份代码来自谭文老师的《Windows内核编程》，回调例程中只是简单地输出进程的信息。

/* * 进程创建或者结束 * PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine: * param1: 回调函数指针 * param2: 创建还是注销回调 * * 回调是哪条线程执行的： * 创建：哪条线程创建的进程，就在哪条线程的上下文中执行回调 * 销毁：哪条线程是进程最后一个退出的，就在哪条线程中执行回调 */#include<ntddk.h>#include<windef.h>voidDriverUnload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj);/// <summary>/// 进程创建的通知回调/// </summary>/// <param name="pEprocess">进程对象指针</param>/// <param name="hProcessId">进程ID</param>/// <param name="pCreateInfo">进程相关信息</param>voidCreateProcessNotifyEx(PEPROCESS pEprocess,HANDLE hProcessId,PPS_CREATE_NOTIFY_INFO pCreateInfo);staticboolsg_bSuccReg=false;EXTERN_C NTSTATUSDriverEntry(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj,PUNICODE_STRING pRegPath){UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(pRegPath);NTSTATUS status=STATUS_SUCCESS;do{pDriverObj->DriverUnload=DriverUnload;// 创建通知回调status=PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx(CreateProcessNotifyEx,false);if(!NT_SUCCESS(status)){sg_bSuccReg=false;break;}sg_bSuccReg=true;}while(false);returnstatus;}voidDriverUnload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj){UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(pDriverObj);if(sg_bSuccReg){// 传递true表明注销回调PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx(CreateProcessNotifyEx,true);sg_bSuccReg=false;}}voidCreateProcessNotifyEx(PEPROCESS pEprocess,HANDLE hProcessId,PPS_CREATE_NOTIFY_INFO pCreateInfo){HANDLE hCurrentThreadID=PsGetCurrentThreadId();if(pCreateInfo==nullptr)// 进程结束为nullptr，进程创建时为非nullptr{DbgPrintEx(DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER_ID,DPFLTR_INFO_LEVEL,"[Destroy] ThreadID: 0x%X, ProcessID: 0x%X\n",(DWORD)hCurrentThreadID,(DWORD)hProcessId);return;}// 进程创建// HANDLE hParentProcessID = pCreateInfo->CreatingThreadId.UniqueProcess;// HANDLE hParentThreadID = pCreateInfo->CreatingThreadId.UniqueThread;DbgPrintEx(DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER_ID,DPFLTR_INFO_LEVEL,"[Create] ThreadID: 0x%X, ProcessID: 0x%X, ProcessName: %wZ\n",(DWORD)hCurrentThreadID,(DWORD)hProcessId,pCreateInfo->ImageFileName);return;}

通过回调例程阻止进程创建

要阻止进程创建，我们可以把回调例程中CreateInfo参数中的CreationStatus设置为STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED，并返回，这样就阻止进程的创建了。下面列举了可以使用的错误状态码：

STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED- 拒绝访问
STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL- 操作不成功
STATUS_ACCESS_DISABLED_NO_SAFER_UI_BY_POLICY- 策略禁用且不弹窗

#include<ntddk.h>#include<windef.h>// 这个函数貌似没有文档化。该函数的作用是获取EPROCESS中ImageFileNameEXTERN_C UCHAR*PsGetProcessImageFileName(PEPROCESS Process);voidDriverUnload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj);voidCreateProcessNotifyEx(PEPROCESS pEprocess,HANDLE hProcessId,PPS_CREATE_NOTIFY_INFO pCreateInfo);staticboolsg_bSuccReg=false;EXTERN_C NTSTATUSDriverEntry(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj,PUNICODE_STRING pRegPath){UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(pRegPath);NTSTATUS status=STATUS_SUCCESS;do{pDriverObj->DriverUnload=DriverUnload;// 创建通知回调status=PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx(CreateProcessNotifyEx,false);if(!NT_SUCCESS(status)){sg_bSuccReg=false;break;}sg_bSuccReg=true;}while(false);returnstatus;}voidDriverUnload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj){UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(pDriverObj);if(sg_bSuccReg){// 传递true表明注销回调PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutineEx(CreateProcessNotifyEx,true);sg_bSuccReg=false;}}voidCreateProcessNotifyEx(PEPROCESS pEprocess,HANDLE hProcessId,PPS_CREATE_NOTIFY_INFO pCreateInfo){HANDLE hCurrentThreadID=PsGetCurrentThreadId();if(pCreateInfo==nullptr)// 进程结束为nullptr，进程创建时为非nullptr{DbgPrintEx(DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER_ID,DPFLTR_INFO_LEVEL,"[Destroy] ThreadID: 0x%X, ProcessID: 0x%X\n",(DWORD)hCurrentThreadID,(DWORD)hProcessId);return;}// 进程创建，我们阻止notepad运行DbgPrintEx(DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER_ID,DPFLTR_INFO_LEVEL,"[Create] ThreadID: 0x%X, ProcessID: 0x%X, ProcessName: %wZ\n",(DWORD)hCurrentThreadID,(DWORD)hProcessId,pCreateInfo->ImageFileName);// 我们要获取的是EPROCESS中的ImageFileName// pCreateInfo->ImageFileName是完整的路径PUCHAR processName=PsGetProcessImageFileName(pEprocess);DbgPrintEx(DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER_ID,DPFLTR_INFO_LEVEL,"ImageFileName: %s\n",processName);if(processName!=nullptr&&_stricmp((PCHAR)processName,"notepad.exe")==0){// 通过设置这个标志，阻止notepad.exe运行pCreateInfo->CreationStatus=STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED;}return;}

线程创建/退出通知

// 注册线程创建通知回调NTSTATUSPsSetCreateThreadNotifyRoutine(_In_ PCREATE_THREAD_NOTIFY_ROUTINE NotifyRoutine);// 回调函数原型typedefVOID(*PCREATE_THREAD_NOTIFY_ROUTINE)(_In_ HANDLE ProcessId,_In_ HANDLE ThreadId,_In_ BOOLEAN Create);

回调例程是在线程运行前被调用的。

模块加载通知

// 注册模块加载通知回调NTSTATUSPsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine(_In_ PLOAD_IMAGE_NOTIFY_ROUTINE NotifyRoutine);// 回调函数原型typedefVOID(*PLOAD_IMAGE_NOTIFY_ROUTINE)(_In_opt_ PUNICODE_STRING FullImageName,_In_ HANDLE ProcessId,_In_ PIMAGE_INFO ImageInfo);// 注销回调NTSTATUSPsRemoveLoadImageNotifyRoutine([in]PLOAD_IMAGE_NOTIFY_ROUTINE NotifyRoutine);

这里的回调例程是在模块被加载完成后执行的。

示例代码

#include<ntddk.h>#include<windef.h>VOIDDriverUnload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj);VOIDLoadImageNotifyRoutine(PUNICODE_STRING fullImageName,HANDLE ProcessId,PIMAGE_INFO ImageInfo);staticboolsg_bSuccReg=false;EXTERN_C NTSTATUSDriverEntry(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj,PUNICODE_STRING pRegPath){NTSTATUS status=STATUS_SUCCESS;do{pDriverObj->DriverUnload=DriverUnload;status=PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine(LoadImageNotifyRoutine);if(!NT_SUCCESS(status)){break;}sg_bSuccReg=true;}while(false);returnstatus;}VOIDDriverUnload(PDRIVER_OBJECT pDriverObj){if(sg_bSuccReg){PsRemoveLoadImageNotifyRoutine(LoadImageNotifyRoutine);sg_bSuccReg=false;}return;}// 这是单向通知，没有卸载事件通知回调VOIDLoadImageNotifyRoutine(PUNICODE_STRING fullImageName,HANDLE ProcessId,PIMAGE_INFO ImageInfo){if(!fullImageName||!ImageInfo){return;}if(ImageInfo->ExtendedInfoPresent){PIMAGE_INFO_EX pInfo=CONTAINING_RECORD(ImageInfo,IMAGE_INFO_EX,ImageInfo);DbgPrintEx(DPFLTR_IHVDRIVER_ID,DPFLTR_INFO_LEVEL,"ModLoad Name: %wZ, ProcessID: 0x%X, FileObj: 0x%X, ImageBase: 0x%X",fullImageName,(DWORD)ProcessId,pInfo->FileObject,pInfo->ImageInfo.ImageBase);}return;}

注册表操作通知

// 注册注册表操作通知回调NTSTATUSCmRegisterCallback(_In_ PEX_CALLBACK_FUNCTION Function,_In_opt_ PVOID Context,_Out_ PLARGE_INTEGER Cookie);// 扩展版本NTSTATUSCmRegisterCallbackEx(_In_ PEX_CALLBACK_FUNCTION Function,_In_ PCUNICODE_STRING Altitude,_In_ PVOID Driver,_In_opt_ PVOID Context,_Out_ PLARGE_INTEGER Cookie,_Reserved_ PVOID Reserved);// 回调函数原型NTSTATUSRegistryCallback(_In_opt_ PVOID CallbackContext,_In_opt_ PVOID Argument1,// REG_NOTIFY_CLASS_In_opt_ PVOID Argument2// 操作信息结构体);