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PHP高精度计时器与性能基准

news 2026/6/17 1:15:11

PHP高精度计时器与性能基准

性能测试需要高精度计时。PHP的microtime和hrtime可以精确到微秒和纳秒。今天说说PHP中计时和性能基准测试。

microtime的使用。

```php
$start = microtime(true);
usleep(150000);
$end = microtime(true);

echo "耗时: " . round(($end - $start) * 1000, 3) . "ms\n";

// hrtime更高精度（PHP 7.3+）
$start = hrtime(true);
usleep(150000);
$end = hrtime(true);

echo "耗时: " . round(($end - $start) / 1e6, 3) . "ms\n";
?>

性能基准测试工具。

```php
class Benchmark
{
private array $results = [];

public function add(string $name, callable $fn, int $iterations = 1000): void
{
// 预热
$fn();

$start = hrtime(true);
for ($i = 0; $i < $iterations; $i++) {
$fn();
}
$end = hrtime(true);

$totalNs = $end - $start;
$avgNs = $totalNs / $iterations;

$this->results[] = [
'name' => $name,
'iterations' => $iterations,
'total_ms' => round($totalNs / 1e6, 3),
'avg_us' => round($avgNs / 1000, 3),
];
}

public function report(): string
{
$report = "基准测试结果\n" . str_repeat('-', 60) . "\n";
$report .= sprintf("%-25s %-15s %-15s\n", '测试', '总耗时(ms)', '平均(us)');
$report .= str_repeat('-', 60) . "\n";

foreach ($this->results as $r) {
$report .= sprintf("%-25s %-15s %-15s\n", $r['name'], $r['total_ms'], $r['avg_us']);
}

return $report;
}
}

$bench = new Benchmark();

$bench->add('array_push', function () {
$arr = [];
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) array_push($arr, $i);
}, 1000);

$bench->add('arr[]=', function () {
$arr = [];
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) $arr[] = $i;
}, 1000);

$bench->add('implode', function () {
implode(',', range(0, 99));
}, 1000);

echo $bench->report();
?>

性能对比测试。

```php
function benchmarkComparison(): void
{
$data = range(1, 10000);
$target = 9999;

// in_array
$start = hrtime(true);
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) in_array($target, $data);
echo "in_array: " . round((hrtime(true) - $start) / 1e6, 2) . "ms\n";

// array_flip + isset
$flipped = array_flip($data);
$start = hrtime(true);
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) isset($flipped[$target]);
echo "isset: " . round((hrtime(true) - $start) / 1e6, 2) . "ms\n";
}

benchmarkComparison();
?>

时间单位转换。

```php
function formatDuration(float $seconds): string
{
if ($seconds < 0.001) return round($seconds * 1000000, 2) . 'μs';
if ($seconds < 1) return round($seconds * 1000, 2) . 'ms';
if ($seconds < 60) return round($seconds, 2) . 's';
return floor($seconds / 60) . 'm ' . round($seconds % 60, 2) . 's';
}

echo formatDuration(0.00015) . "\n";
echo formatDuration(0.5) . "\n";
echo formatDuration(125.5) . "\n";
?>

PHP的高精度计时器在性能测试中很重要。microtime精确到微秒，hrtime精确到纳秒。基准测试要预热让OPcache生效，多次测试取平均值。对比测试选择合适的数据结构。