Spring Boot内部启动一个嵌入式Web容器。Tomcat是组件化设计,所以就是启动这些组件。
Tomcat独立部署模式是通过startup脚本启动,Tomcat的Bootstrap和Catalina负责初始化类加载器,并解析server.xml和启动这些组件。
内嵌模式
Bootstrap和Catalina的工作由Spring Boot代劳,Spring Boot调用Tomcat API启动这些组件。
1 Spring Boot中Web容器接口
1.1 WebServer
为支持各种Web容器,Spring Boot抽象出嵌入式Web容器,定义WebServer接口:
public interface WebServer {void start() throws WebServerException;void stop() throws WebServerException;int getPort();/*** Initiates a graceful shutdown of the web server. Handling of new requests is* prevented and the given {@code callback} is invoked at the end of the attempt. The* attempt can be explicitly ended by invoking {@link #stop}. The default* implementation invokes the callback immediately with* {@link GracefulShutdownResult#IMMEDIATE}, i.e. no attempt is made at a graceful* shutdown.* @param callback the callback to invoke when the graceful shutdown completes* @since 2.3.0*/default void shutDownGracefully(GracefulShutdownCallback callback) {callback.shutdownComplete(GracefulShutdownResult.IMMEDIATE);}default void destroy() {stop();}}
Web容器比如Tomcat去实现该接口
1.2 ServletWebServerFactory
创建Web容器,返回的就是WebServer。
public interface ServletWebServerFactory {WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}
ServletContextInitializer入参表示ServletContext的初始化器,用于ServletContext中的一些配置:
public interface ServletContextInitializer {void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException;
}
getWebServer会调用ServletContextInitializer#onStartup,即若想在Servlet容器启动时做一些事情,如注册自己的Servlet,可实现一个ServletContextInitializer,在Web容器启动时,Spring Boot会把所有实现ServletContextInitializer接口的类收集起来,统一调其onStartup。
1.3 WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
一个BeanPostProcessor,为定制化嵌入式Web容器,在postProcessBeforeInitialization过程去寻找Spring容器中WebServerFactoryCustomizer类型的Bean,并依次调用WebServerFactoryCustomizer接口的customize方法做一些定制化。
public interface WebServerFactoryCustomizer<T extends WebServerFactory> {void customize(T factory);
}
2 创建、启动嵌入式Web容器
Spring的ApplicationContext,其抽象实现类AbstractApplicationContext#refresh
protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {Assert.isInstanceOf(AbstractApplicationContext.class, applicationContext);((AbstractApplicationContext) applicationContext).refresh();
}
用来新建或刷新一个ApplicationContext,在refresh中会调用onRefresh,AbstractApplicationContext子类可重写onRefresh实现Context刷新逻辑。
ServletWebServerApplicationContext重写onRefresh以创建嵌入式Web容器:
@Override
protected void onRefresh() {super.onRefresh();try {// 创建和启动TomcatcreateWebServer();}catch (Throwable ex) {throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);}
}
createWebServer
private void createWebServer() {// WebServer是Spring Boot抽象出来的接口,具体实现类就是不同Web容器WebServer webServer = this.webServer;ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();// 若Web容器尚未创建if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {// 通过Web容器工厂创建ServletWebServerFactory factory = this.getWebServerFactory();// 传入一个"SelfInitializer"this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]{this.getSelfInitializer()});} else if (servletContext != null) {try {this.getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);} catch (ServletException var4) {...}}this.initPropertySources();
}
getWebServer
以Tomcat为例,主要调用Tomcat的API去创建各种组件:
public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {// 1.实例化一个Tomcat【Server组件】Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();// 2. 创建一个临时目录File baseDir = this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : this.createTempDir("tomcat");tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());// 3.初始化各种组件Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);this.customizeConnector(connector);tomcat.setConnector(connector);tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);this.configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());// 4. 创建定制版的"Context"组件this.prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);return this.getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
}
prepareContext的Context指Tomcat的Context组件,为控制Context组件行为,Spring Boot自定义了TomcatEmbeddedContext类,继承Tomcat的StandardContext:
public class TomcatEmbeddedContext extends StandardContext
3 注册Servlet
Q:有@RestController,为啥还自己去注册Servlet给Tomcat?
A:可能有些场景需注册你自定义的一个Servlet提供辅助功能,与主程序分开。
Q:SprongBoot不注册Servlet给Tomcat,直接用@Controller就能实现Servlet功能是为啥呢?
A:因为SprongBoot默认给我们注册了DispatcherSetvlet。
3.1 Servlet注解
SpringBoot启动类加@ServletComponentScan后,@WebServlet、@WebFilter、@WebListener标记的Servlet、Filter、Listener就可自动注册到Servlet容器:
@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan // 扫描同包下的 MyAuthFilter
public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);}
}@WebFilter(filterName = "myAuth", urlPatterns = "/*")
public class MyAuthFilter implements Filter {@Autowiredprivate TokenService tokenService; // 只能通过容器注入@Overridepublic void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {// …}
}
在Web应用的入口类上加上@ServletComponentScan,并且在Servlet类上加上@WebServlet,这样Spring Boot会负责将Servlet注册到内嵌的Tomcat中。
3.2 ServletRegistrationBean
SpringBoot提供:
- ServletRegistrationBean
- FilterRegistrationBean
- ServletListenerRegistrationBean
分别来注册Servlet、Filter、Listener。
如注册一个Servlet:
// Spring框架中注册Servlet的常见方式,将自定义的Servlet映射到指定的URL路径
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean() {return new ServletRegistrationBean(new HelloServlet(), "/hello");
}
返回一个ServletRegistrationBean,并将它当作Bean注册到Spring,因此你需要把这段代码放到Spring Boot自动扫描的目录中,或放到@Configuration标识的类中。
Spring会把这种类型的Bean收集起来,根据Bean里的定义向Tomcat注册Servlet。
3.3 动态注册
可创建一个类去实现ServletContextInitializer接口,并把它注册为一个Bean,Spring Boot会负责调用这个接口的onStartup。
实现ServletContextInitializer接口的类会被spring管理,而不是被Servlet容器管理。
@Component
public class MyServletRegister implements ServletContextInitializer {// 参数是ServletContext,可通过调其addServlet方法动态注册新的Servlet,这是Servlet 3.0后才有的功能@Overridepublic void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) {// Servlet 3.0规范新的APIServletRegistration myServlet = servletContext.addServlet("HelloServlet", HelloServlet.class);myServlet.addMapping("/hello");myServlet.setInitParameter("name", "Hello Servlet");}}
ServletRegistrationBean也是通过ServletContextInitializer实现,实现ServletContextInitializer接口。
通过 ServletContextInitializer 接口可以向 Web 容器注册 Servlet,实现 ServletContextInitializer 接口的Bean被speing管理,但是在什么时机触发其onStartup()方法的呢?
通过 Tomcat 中的 ServletContainerInitializer 接口实现者,如TomcatStarter,创建tomcat时设置了该类,在tomcat启动时会触发ServletContainerInitializer实现者的onStartup()方法,在这个方法中触发ServletContextInitializer接口的onStartup()方法,如注册DispatcherServlet。
DispatcherServletRegistrationBean实现了ServletContextInitializer接口,它的作用就是向Tomcat注册DispatcherServlet,那它是在什么时候、如何被使用的呢?
prepareContext方法调用了另一个私有方法configureContext,这个方法就包括了往Tomcat的Context添加ServletContainerInitializer对象:
context.addServletContainerInitializer(starter, NO_CLASSES);
其中有DispatcherServletRegistrationBean。
4 定制Web容器
在Spring Boot中定制Web容器。如Spring Boot 2.0中可通过如下方式:
4.1 ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory
通用的Web容器工厂,定制Web容器通用参数:
@Component
public class MyGeneralCustomizer implementsWebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory> {public void customize(ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory factory) {factory.setPort(8081);factory.setContextPath("/hello");}
}
4.2 TomcatServletWebServerFactory
通过特定Web容器工厂进一步定制。
给Tomcat新增个V3alve,以向请求头里添加traceid,用于分布式追踪。
class TraceValve extends ValveBase {@Overridepublic void invoke(Request request, Response response) throws IOException, ServletException {request.getCoyoteRequest().getMimeHeaders().addValue("traceid").setString("1234xxxxabcd");Valve next = getNext();if (null == next) {return;}next.invoke(request, response);}}
跟方式一类似,再添加一个定制器:
@Component
public class MyTomcatCustomizer implementsWebServerFactoryCustomizer<TomcatServletWebServerFactory> {@Overridepublic void customize(TomcatServletWebServerFactory factory) {factory.setPort(8081);factory.setContextPath("/hello");factory.addEngineValves(new TraceValve() );}
}